Germany's New Military Service Law: Extended Stays Abroad Require Permits

In 2026, Germany introduced a new military service law to bolster its armed forces amid security threats from Russia's conflict with Ukraine. While the potential reintroduction of mandatory military service sparked protests, another aspect of the law has quietly emerged: men aged 18 to 46 must obtain permission from the Bundeswehr Career Center for stays abroad exceeding three months. This rule applies to any extended absence, whether for study, work, or travel.

The Bundeswehr confirmed that the permit is necessary to track the number of men living abroad, crucial in case of war. Although the law mandates permit requests, the military must issue them unless specific service is anticipated. The Defense Ministry is developing exceptions to this rule, as the regulation, reminiscent of Cold War policies, lacks penalties for non-compliance.

The Military Service Modernization Act, effective January 1, aims to increase active-duty soldiers from 180,000 to 260,000 by 2035. Despite internal government debates, military service remains voluntary. However, all men turning 18 must complete a form regarding their education, health, and willingness to serve. Women, exempt from mandatory service, can answer voluntarily.

From mid-2027, men will also undergo fitness tests to assess draft eligibility, a contentious move criticized as a precursor to full conscription. This law represents a significant shift in Germany's military policy, balancing voluntary service with strategic preparedness.