Toosheh: A Lifeline for Information During Iran's Internet Blackouts

In January 2026, Iran experienced its first full-scale communication blackout, cutting off over 90 million people from the world. This drastic measure was taken amidst widespread protests against economic hardships and political repression. The government's response was severe, with reports of thousands of deaths. During this crisis, NetFreedom Pioneers (NFP) deployed Toosheh, a technology that delivers information via satellite TV signals, bypassing internet restrictions.

Iran's centralized internet infrastructure makes it vulnerable to government censorship, allowing authorities to control information flow by manipulating a few key gateways. Over the years, Iran has developed a National Information Network to keep data within the country, throttling global internet access during unrest. Techniques like deep packet inspection allow the government to block specific online content, including VPNs and social media.

Toosheh offers a unique solution by leveraging the widespread use of satellite TV in Iran. It uses free-to-air satellite broadcasts to send data, which can be received by anyone with a dish and a DVB card. This method is untraceable and doesn't require internet connectivity, making it a vital tool during blackouts. Toosheh transmits curated data packages, including news, tutorials, and software, providing Iranians with crucial information and tools for digital security.

Despite its effectiveness, Toosheh faces challenges from government jamming efforts. Iran employs terrestrial jamming to disrupt satellite signals, but NFP counters this with redundancy techniques, ensuring data integrity even during interference. The service's operational costs are significant, but its impact is profound, offering access to information that can inspire and educate.

Toosheh's development was driven by the need for reliable information access in censored environments. It has evolved from a crisis response tool to a broader public resource, offering educational and entertainment content beyond government control. The service's cost-effectiveness and simplicity make it accessible to many, with satellite equipment costing less than $50.

NFP's efforts extend to supporting Starlink deployments in Iran, providing two-way internet access despite government bans. This initiative allows citizens to communicate with the outside world, although it carries risks due to potential detection by authorities.

Looking forward, NFP aims to enhance Toosheh with intelligent content curation and local sharing capabilities, expanding its reach to disaster zones and conflict areas. The organization also explores new applications, such as delivering educational materials in Afghanistan, highlighting Toosheh's potential to redefine access to information globally.

Toosheh exemplifies how simple yet innovative solutions can transform access to information, offering hope and connectivity to those living under censorship.